Published on:
August 4, 2021Written by Scott Rosenbaum, Ah So Insights. Originally published here.
Recent reports of the death of hard seltzer are greatly exaggerated. Here are three articles that show the media's prioritization of eye-catching, "punny" headlines over accuracy: "Hard seltzer boom goes flat," "Hard seltzer slump hits hard," and "In focus: Is the hard seltzer boom starting to fizzle out?"
A casual perusal of these and other headlines would leave one with the seemingly innocuous takeaway-"hard seltzer: it was an interesting fad while it lasted." However, this is an inaccurate picture of what's actually going on as "the hard seltzer sector continues to grow apace in absolute terms." So, let's break down how this happened and how the concept of overfitting explains why we mistake headlines for news…
Real analysis begs for context, and the context surrounding hard seltzer reveals that:
- Hard seltzer could account for 10% of total beverage alcohol sales by 2025, according to a report from financial services firm Credit Suisse.
- "There is too much focus on how large seltzer can be as a percentage of US beer," the Credit Suisse Equity Research Americas team wrote. "We think that is [the] wrong metric, given that 50% of share is gained from wine and spirits."
But wait a minute-didn't all the recent headlines say hard seltzer was dead? What's going on? This is most likely a case of the tail wagging the dog. The tail in this metaphor is Boston Beer shareholder's expectations. The dog is our collective understanding of hard seltzer as a category.
According to Jordan Valinsky of CNN Business:
Essentially, Boston Beer disclosed that it might have bet too big on hard seltzer. Investors balked and the stock plummeted. This, in turn, grabbed the attention of journalists, who wrote stories. The dysfunction occurred when headline writers overfit these articles with an ersatz narrative about the death of hard seltzer.
Overfitting is a concept drawn from data science. It occurs when a statistical model fits exactly against the data used to produce it. It's not missing the forest for the trees. Overfitting is missing the trees (data) for the forest (pattern). The problem with overfitting is that it biases us to narratives where there might not be any. We, as humans, want to see patterns.
The desire to get the smaller story-Boston Beer stock dropping-to align within a larger model left us all with the mistaken idea that hard seltzer is "over." The whole scenario illustrates why understanding overfitting is so important and how it can lead us astray. It doesn't just happen when we scan headlines.
Concerning our own behavior, Sachin Joglekar has written that overfitting "happens any time you read too much into your notions (whether right or wrong) to optimize something in your future;" as such our very desire to fine-tune something, be it process or product, puts us at odds with truly understanding that thing. People want to use models to explain data, but not all data fits neatly into models.
Still, we must train ourselves to recognize that a headline is a road sign, not a destination. We must constantly look for the context necessary to distinguish between a singular instance of something and a broader trend. Lest we want to assume the risk of prematurely writing off a category on the rise, we must redouble our efforts in questioning what is a fact and what is merely a fancy model.
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Written by Scott Rosenbaum, Ah So Insights. Originally published here. All views expressed herein belong to Scott Rosenbaum and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Moonshine University or its affiliates.
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1* - Boston Beer owns Truly Hard Seltzer. Truly is America's second-best-selling hard seltzer after White Claw.
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